Today is a free day, and we are taking advantage of it to sleep in and catch up on chores.
Yesterday we visited Ephesus in the morning--when it was cooler and the crowds were less. It is a HUGE tourist destination for cruise ships and bus loads of people. Excellent Greco-Roman city. We have totally lost track of the many conquerors who have passed through Turkey - Greeks, Romans, Ottomans, Persians, Hittites, Hattis, Selcuks, Crusaders, Silk Road merchants, etc. Thank goodness there is no test on Turkish history when we leave.
The Celsus Library was the most reconstructed (with original materials) and impressive building at Ephesus. It was the 2nd largest library in the ancient world (after Alexandria and ahead of Pergamon).
Stanley was disappointed that all the scrolls were checked out.
We walked along the Arcadian Way (the road to the ancient harbor, which is now several kilometers inland because of earthquakes changing the water table and the river silting up the harbor). Cleopatra and Marc Antony also walked here on their honeymoon. Some of the statues and friezes (like Nike, goddess of victory, below) remain in place; others are in the museum here in the town of Selcuk. Also saw the public toilets; the Romans had a well developed water supply and sewer system.
Finally, leaving through the gift shop tourist traps we saw an interesting sign and national flags, one with Kemal Mustafa Ataturk's picture.
Ataturk is the national hero. He was an undefeated general in World War I, and after becoming president in the 1920's, initiated many reforms such as changing the alphabet overnight from Arabic to the Roman, making Turkey a secular nation, giving women the right to vote (in 2nd European place after Switzerland), increasing education (from 10% to 95% now), and generally making Turkey more of a western rather than eastern-looking country.
Tomorrow we move on to our last CG in Turkey, and then the next day we ferry across the Dardanelles, go along close to where we entered Turkey, and cross the border into Greece.